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The economics of happiness or happiness economics is the quantitative and theoretical study of happiness, positive and negative affect, well-being, quality of life, life satisfaction and related concepts, typically combining economics with other fields such as psychology and sociology. It typically treats such happiness-related measures, rather than wealth, income or profit, as something to be maximized. The field has grown substantially since the late 20th century, for example by the development of methods, surveys and indices to measure happiness and related concepts.〔• Carol Graham, 2008. "happiness, economics of," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. (Abstract. ) Prepublication ( copy. ) • _____, 2005. "The Economics of Happiness: Insights on Globalization from a Novel Approach," ''World Economics'', 6(3), pp. (41-58 ) (indicated there as adapted from previous source). • David G. Blanchflower, 2008. "Happiness Economics," ''NBER Reporter Online'', (2), pp. (7-10. ) Abstract-linked-footnotes (version. )〕 Its findings have been described as a challenge to the economics profession.〔Richard Layard, 2006. "Happiness and Public Policy: A Challenge to the Profession," ''Economic Journal'', 116(510), Conference Papers, pp. (C24-C33. )〕 ==Subject classifications== The subject may be categorized in various ways, depending on specificity, intersection, and cross-classification. For example, within the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes, it has been categorized under: * Welfare economics at JEL: D63 – Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement〔 *Health, education, and welfare at JEL: I31 – General Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness〔Ulf-G Gerdtham and Magnus Johannesson, 2001. "The Relationship Between Happiness, Health, and Socio-economic Factors: Results Based on Swedish Microdata," ''Journal of Socio-Economics'', 30(6), pp. 553–557. ( Abstract. )〕 * Demographic economics at JEL:J18 – Public Policy.〔Carol Graham, 2010. "The Challenges of Incorporating Empowerment into the HDI: Some Lessons from Happiness Economics and Quality of Life Research," (54 pages ), Human Development Reports Research Paper, 2010/13, United Nations.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「happiness economics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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